How does LiDAR measure geological structures?

LiDAR technology uses laser pulses to measure distances and generate precise three-dimensional representations of terrain and rock bodies. In geology, this remote sensing method allows researchers to study dangerous or inaccessible slopes safely and to map structural features like fault planes and folds. By creating virtual outcrops, engineers can evaluate slope stability, assess geological hazards, and gather volumetric calculations without manual intervention.

What we know

• LiDAR determines ranges by targeting a surface with a laser and measuring the time it takes for the reflected light to return to the optical receiver. [2, 3]
• In structural geology, LiDAR enables the monitoring, characterisation, and 3D investigation of rock bodies and virtual outcrops. [3]
• LiDAR allows researchers to assess dangerous or inaccessible rockfall source areas that would otherwise hinder manual structural measurements. [3]
• Geological structures measured by LiDAR include folds, fault planes, and the size, persistence, and spatial variations of rock discontinuities. [3]

Where to go next

• what caused itWhat causes tectonic deformations in rock bodies?
• what followedHow do rock discontinuities affect slope stability?
• how it workedHow do laser receivers calculate travel time distances?
• the bigger pictureWhat are national lidar datasets used for?
• compared withHow does bathymetry map ocean floors?
• an unexpected connectionHow does space exploration connect to geological laser scanning?The same fundamental light detection and ranging technology used to map dangerous Earth rockfaces is also utilized for navigation and landing operations on other planets.

Sources

• [1]lidar (Wikidata Q504027) · CC0 1.0
• [2]Lidar · CC BY-SA 4.0
• [3]Geological structure measurement by LiDAR · CC BY-SA 4.0
• [4]Bathymetry · CC BY-SA 4.0
• [5]National lidar dataset · CC BY-SA 4.0